Brown Eyes People Vulnerable Skin Cancer Risk

The tendency of skin diseases can be identified through the eye color. The fact that found a team led by Richard Spritz from the University of Colorado Denver, United States. The research was conducted on a large scale.

 

They are studying the genomes of three thousand Americans of European descent with vitligo. Vitligo is an autoimmune disease that manifests as a ' violation ' skin and hair pigmentation, when human immune system attacking normal pigment cells.

Scientists find, blue-eyed guy gray and have a lower risk of vitligo. While people who have brown eyes are the most vulnerable to skin cancer (melanoma).

A genetic expert Richard Spritz, explain, and melanoma was opposite vitligo, and genetic variation in the DNA, provoke the development of vitligo, which help reduce the development of melanoma. So does the opposite. Vitligo patients typically also suffer other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus.

Not only on the patient, their close relatives also have the same risk though vitligo is not real visible on their bodies.

According to Spritz, there are prerequisites for making conclusions that obviously. Autoimmune diseases have a genetic trait, besides other genes and environment is also responsible at a time when the disease is active in the body.

The Easiest Way To Barring Skin Cancer

 

A recent study found, the consumption of aspirin and anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen and naproxen can prevent some types of turns out to be skin cancer. Researchers find Denmark, consume regularly painkillers such as aspirin can reduce about 15 percent risk of developing skin cancer, especially melanoma deadliest types such as.

The team examined the 200 thousand animals as an experiment, 18 thousand of whom diagnosed exposed one of of three types of skin cancer are dangerous. Three types of skin cancer are dangerous among them basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma malignant hypertension.

As a result, those who get Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) or drug-drug anti-inflammatory for the heart or less risky exposed arthtitis skin cancer. "We expect the effect of NSAIDs for protection against skin cancer, can inspire further research," said researchers from Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark, Sigrun Alba Johannesdottir.

Even though the study showed can inhibit the growth of NSAIDs pre skin cancer lesions on animals, not yet seen its effects in humans. Researchers say the need for further research to confirm the findings in humans.

Mole and Skin Cancer Melanoma Diagnostic

Mole is a collection of abnormal pigment cells that appear on the skin. These cells known as melanomas. Mole is very common, the average person has a 10 to 40 moles on her body. Most moles are innate, but there is also a new present after birth. The majority of moles appear during the first 20 years of life, although there are also growing up to the age of 40s. Partial Mole disappears over the age.

 

Mole is usually colored Brown or dark brown with a round or oval shape and the width does not exceed peanut seeds. There is a flat Mole, there is also a protruding from the surface of the skin.

Melanoma

Mole is basically harmless, but there are likely to turn out to be melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer due to its ability to spread. That's why it's so important to detect changes in a mole melanoma early on, when operating with the healing rate of nearly 100%.

Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, but is most often found on the back, buttocks, feet, scalp, neck, and behind the ears.

Here are the signs on the mole you need to beware of:

• feels itchy and painful. 
• its size is enlarged or his appearance increasingly irregular, mainly in the suburbs. 
• the color change, especially if it's to be more dark or striped. 
• spontaneous bleeding 
• There is a change of skin color around it

If you see the above symptoms, you should mengkonsultasikannya to the dermatologist or plastic surgeon for examination.

Mole is risky

Some types of mole following higher risk than others for being a cancer:

1. large mole that is innate. 
2. large mole and its shape does not manifest irregularity. This Mole tends to be inherited and usually have a dark brown colored and bright with uneven borders.

Mole amounted to 20 or more.

The Diagnosis of melanoma

Your doctor will probably ask for information on the development of Your mole and family history to assess your risk. Melanoma risk increased when you have family who are also exposed to the disease.

If the doctor suspects melanoma, surgical excision biopsy may be performed. This procedure is usually performed with a scalpel or scissors to take a small portion of the mole tissue in the lab is scrutinized for.

Operation

Mole is small and relatively harmless liquid gases can be removed by freezing or is slathered with a substance that has the same effect. For larger lesions may need to be removed through surgery. The operation is relatively simple and is usually done under local anesthetic. The area around the lesion will completely numb but you remain conscious. In some cases, it may be necessary if a gas total removal of mole is thought to time consuming or difficult. When surgery is performed with the laser then it is not necessary as it does not cause gas pain. Patients will only feel the tingling sensation during the surgical procedure.

Mole surgery procedure is very safe and most have no side effects other than possible from the dope. However, if the lesion is large enough then you can have permanent scars. Mole does not usually grow back after being picked up.

Be Ware toward Molluscum Contagiosum as Reflection of a Viral Infection

Molluscum contagiosum is an outgrowth of skin which reflects a viral infection. The virus molluscum contagiosum, which belongs to the family of the pox virus, is the responsible infectious agent.

What is molluscum contagiosum?

Molluscum contagiosum is an outgrowth of skin which reflects a viral infection. The virus molluscum contagiosum, which belongs to the family of the pox virus, is the responsible infectious agent. As its name indicates, the molluscum contagiosum spreads easily through contact with the skin. Molluscum contagiosum occurs in children or spreads through contact, but it is also a communicable sexual disease found rather in adolescents and young adults. Molluscum is a mild infection and contagious skin, it tends to heal spontaneously in the absence of treatment.

What looks like a molluscum contagiosum?

Molluscum comes in the form of an outgrowth that forms a depressed Pearl in the centre. These beads are white or the color of the skin, they are 2-5 mm in diameter. The molluscum often occur in groups of a few to a few dozen, and can locate anywhere on the body. In young children, the molluscum readily affect the neck, axillary folds, trunk, face and eyelids but also the abdomen, buttocks, thighs or arms. In adults and the adoiescents, they sit at the level of the genital regions, the thighs and the lower part of the abdomen and are most often transmitted sexually.

The molluscum can ignite and become red, which often announces their next disappearance.

A red, grainy, spot that itchy, sometimes surrounds the molluscum: it's a plate of eczema most often found in children who have a constitutional eczema or atopic eczema.

How catch of molluscum?

The molluscum contagiosum virus is generally transmitted by direct contact of the skin with an infected person; It is also spread to the surrounding skin by contact or scratching. Although this is rare, it is possible to contract the molluscum by indirect contact with personal effects such as the towels. The incubation period, since the contact contaminant until the appearance of the buttons, ranges from two weeks to six months.

The molluscum often occur among children aged 2 to 12 years; contamination occurs readily in sports activities or when promiscuity and contacts between children are important (public swimming pools, showers, bathrooms, sports of contacts).

The molluscum can affect adolescents and adults who they are readily transmitted sexually, especially when they are located on the genital regions.

Suggestion:

• Temporarily avoid promiscuity of children contaminated with others at the baths, pool or activities for the practice of sports contacts. 
• Avoid sharing towels toilet used by infected patients. 
• Discourage the scratching of the molluscum: this encourages their dissemination. 
• Avoid sexual contact during the period where one has molluscum.

How your doctor make the diagnosis of molluscum?

A simple review of the skin is usually sufficient. If in doubt, your doctor can examine under the microscope a molluscum from the curette to confirm his diagnosis.

What is the natural history and prognosis of the molluscum?

Molluscum is a benign condition that usually heals spontaneously. But when some molluscum disappear, others may occur by contamination of the surrounding skin. It may take six months to five years for all molluscum permanently disappear without treatment.

The extension of the molluscum is sometimes more important in children with atopic eczema.

Patients reach AIDS are more susceptible to molluscum spread or reach a large size.

Should we treat the molluscum?

Some doctors recommend to treat the molluscum, because they disappear spontaneously. In France, dermatologists are favourable to the molluscum treatment to avoid their dissemination and shorten the duration of natural evolution.

How dermatologists treat the molluscum?

The most effective treatment is probably scratching of the molluscum with a curette, but this procedure is a little painful. It often requires a local anaesthetic with the help of a cream applied an hour previously. The molluscum freezing with liquid nitrogen is also a frequently used method. Several treatment sessions spaced 3 to 6 weeks are often necessary, because of the appearance of new lesions or if the molluscum are many.

Other methods, such as delicate electrocoagulation, laser, local cream retinoid or substances such as the cantharidin, applications are best in France, but more rarely.

This may be considered to treat the molluscum pending their spontaneous disappearance, particularly in young children when the molluscum are many.

Are there new treatments in preparation?

Several interesting therapeutic are being evaluated. A basis of imiquimod cream, that modulates the defences of the body, is already successfully used in the treatment of genital warts. A cream that contains an antiviral substance (cidofovir) is also in experimentation.

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Treatment of Skin Cancer by Dynamic Phototherapy (PDT)

Dynamic photo-therapy uses a photosynthesizing substance that is applied to the skin for a few hours before his exposure to a specific light.

Dynamic photo-therapy uses a photosynthesizing substance (causing a tissue susceptibility to some lights) that is applied on the skin for a few hours before his exposure to a specific light (light blue or red).

The substance is applied to the skin as a liquid or cream that contains (5-ALA-HCL) aminolevulinic acid and the methyl aminolevulinate (MAL). These photo-sensitizers is specifically absorbed by the diseased tissues, and sebaceous glands.

The Red or blue light exposure is achieved with a special lamp that active substance that has penetrated the tissues. Activation of photosynthesizing substance causes the specific destruction of tissues which have absorbed it.

The Galderma laboratory markets Metvixia cream France, its use is indicated for the treatment of Actinic Keratoses (precancerous Keratoses), superficial basal cell carcinomas face and the Bowen disease (Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma). Metvixia  cream is applied to the area was treated for three hours before lighting lights LED red (Aktilite). Metvixia treatment protocol is detailed on a separate sheet. Metvixia ® is available now in France. The essential interest of dynamic phototherapy with Metvixia (MAL - PDT) is the treatment of cancer of the skin, it allows eliminating virtually without scar of precancerous lesions of the skin and certain cancers. This technique also allows to simultaneously process several lesions. One or several treatments may be necessary.

The DUSA laboratory markets the Levulan Kerastic in the United States and the Canada, it is a liquid applied to the area to treat for 12 to 16 hours before its activation by light blue (BLU - U). Dynamic phototherapy with 5 - ALA (ALA - PDT) is also used to destroy Keratoses Actinic but also in the treatment of acne and the field of aesthetics (treatment of brown spots and wrinkles). Levulan kerastick is not indicated for the treatment of skin cancer.

Source

Most Common of Skin Cancer Varieties in Europe - France

Skin cancers are the most common cancers. There are more than 100,000 new annual cases of cancer of the skin in France. The most common and less serious skin cancers are basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. Basal cell carcinoma is four to five times more common than squamous cell carcinoma. These skin carcinomas most often affect topics white skin after the age of 40 years, but they can be younger. Malignant melanoma are more rare skin cancer (4 000 to 5 000 new cases per year in France) but more serious; they can permanently cure if the treatment is implemented early.

What is a skin Carcinoma?

Carcinomas develop from cells of the superficial portion of the skin (the epidermis).

The epidermis consists of several varieties of cells; keratinocytes, which form the main contingent, originally are basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma.

That is what causes basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas?

Excessive sun exposure is the key factor responsible for the development of skin cancer. Patients to white skin of European origin are the main victims of skin carcinomas, which are more rare in pigmented skin patients.

Basal cell carcinomas. In susceptible subjects, several environmental factors (solar exposure acute intermittent and repeated, but also ionizing radiation, exposure to arsenic, chronic wounds) are involved in the formation of this carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma. Sun exposure (chronic exposure) is the risk factor essential for Squamous Cell Carcinoma, but family factors (genetic), exposure to ionizing radiation (x-rays), some virus (human papilloma virus), chemicals (coal tar, arsenic) were involved in the formation of certain squamous cell carcinoma. Burn or persistent wound scars are also a factor of risk for these cancers. Some drugs that depress the defenses of the body promote the occurrence of epidermic carcinomas.

What are the signs of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas?

Basal cell carcinomas. Three times out of four, they are located at the level of the head and neck. The common locations are the face (nose, eyelids, lips, cheeks, forehead, temples), scalp and the top of the trunk, but they can be find on other areas of the body. They can take the appearance of a button highlight color red or pink, a small stain red or white with a raised edge, or a wound that does not heal.

Squamous cell carcinoma. They are often at the level of areas exposed to the Sun (head and neck,cleavage , top of the body, front-arm, hands and nail), but can affect other areas such as the mouth or genitals. On the skin exposed to the Sun, they often begin as a white crust (Keratosis) which gradually thickens and ulcer to form an irregular wound elevated border.

What are the signs of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas warning?

In all cases one must be wary of a button, a crust, a patch that persists and changes or a wound that does not heal quickly.

What are the subjects at risk?

Topics in white skin of European origin.

Subjects with undergoes a significant sun exposure for several years (white skin topics having lived in countries with strong sunshine, farmers, marine...)

Patients who have been exposed to ionizing radiation or ultraviolet radiation for therapeutic reasons, in contact with the coal tar, which have undergone treatment depressing immunity (grafted cardiac or renal) or who have Burns scars.

Patients that have already submitted one basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell have an increased risk to develop another.

How to prevent skin carcinomas?

Avoid sun exposure, it is the best way to avoid skin cancer. Exposure to the Sun and ultraviolet radiation are essential risks of skin carcinoma. Therefore prohibit Sun baths, avoid sun exposure to the hours or the solar radiation are the most intense (from 11 to 16 hours), apply a protective sunscreen (index at least 20) renew every two hours and after each bath, wear protective clothing and a hat.

It is important to detect new cancers and precancerous lesions, because early treatment to ensure complete healing. A regular inspection of the skin (self-examination) all to quickly detect a spot or a small button that changes, a wound or a crust that persists. A review in the dermatologist allows to obtain an accurate diagnosis, and to if necessary a questionable lesion analysis. Individuals at risk should include regular visits to the dermatologist. Actinic Keratoses are pre-cancerous lesions that translate into a small thick crust that persists, they locate areas normally exposed to the Sun (head, neck, forearms especially). Actinic Keratoses are evolving in squamous cell carcinoma in a variable time, their destruction avoids this transformation.

How is the diagnosis of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas?

The dermatologist may suspect a basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell the appearance, but of a fragment of skin (biopsy) followed by its review under the microscope (histology) is often necessary for confirmation of the diagnosis.

What are the treatments for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas?

Treatment of cutaneous carcinomas most often involves surgery. The dermatologist or surgeon practice excision of the lesion with a variable safety margin based on the type of carcinoma and its evolutionary stage. Analysis to the microscope of the tumour, after his removal, to ensure that it was completely removed. Certain squamous cell carcinoma may require the removal of nearby lymph nodes. Electrocoagulation, C02 laser, liquid nitrogen application, radiation therapy, the application of a cream that modulates the immunity (imiquimod or aldara ®) or more recently the dynamic phothérapie are sometimes used for the treatment of some superficial basal cell carcinomas, but these methods have the disadvantage of not allowing an analysis of the treated lesion.Precancerous  Keratoses (actinic keratoses) can be processed by the application of nitrogen, of cream of fluoroscopic, by electrocoagulation with C02 laser with dynamic photo-therapy or sometimes surgically.

What is the evolution of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas?

In the absence of treatment, the basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas extend locally and can have a destructive development. The risk of location remotely (metastasis) is almost non-existent for basal-cell and rare carcinomas for squamous cell carcinoma. In all cases, the risk of metastasis is all the more important that the lesion is advanced. The mucous membranes (lips) and genital epidermic carcinomas have a greater risk.

Basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas early permanently recover in more than 90% of cases. After treatment, extended monitoring is required to detect recurrence and to ensure that there is no other suspicious lesions.

New therapeutic: dynamic photo-therapy

Dynamic photo-therapy (application of a substance that reacts to light, followed by a light exposure of particular wavelength) is already used in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas outside of. Source

Melanoma Diagnosis and Its More Effective Therapies

The fight against melanoma, skin cancer is particularly aggressive, now has new allies: early diagnosis that relies on new tools and a therapy that is enriched by innovative drugs that have been shown to stop the evolution of the disease even when it is in an advanced stage. On the occasion of the Congress of Italian melanoma Inter-group (Imi) presented the novelties, including Alexander Testori, outgoing President of Imi, speaks to Dica33.

 

Dr. Testori, starting with the diagnosis: what is new?

About two years ago has been introduced which allows confocal microscopic analysis of pigmented lesions without having to remove. The laser draws the profile of cells up to a thickness of 250 microns, i.e. the thickness of the epidermis. Is similar to a histological examination but requires the removal, and then allows you to select a more sophisticated who submit removal: intervene, for example, on early stage melanomas, or not, if the lesion is not suspected. It is a very important innovation to find out what are the most serious patients to follow

Then all suspects must be analyzed in this way?

This method is suitable if there are few injuries or to examine those previously selected with dermatology, another that detects among many, sometimes there are up to 300 in atypical in the same patient, to be sent to surgery. Confocal with the selection becomes even more pressing and undergoes surgery only those most at risk. Typically, when in many investigations are always a mapping of in, that is a digital recording of all those that the dermatologist sees. We must not forget that early diagnosis with melanoma is simple because just look at the patient.

On the front of the treatment have been made strides?

The biggest successes have always obtained by surgery, which remains the central pillar of the cure, but there are new drugs that are modifying the disease course with the goal is to make it chronic, i.e. not to advance. The two drugs are immutability and deafening. The first acts on the immune system and binds a receptor of T cells, blocking component that prevents the immune response. In essence, a kind of brake on the immune response and the patient with melanoma draws benefits with an increase in survival. Vemurafenib has another mechanism, as it inhibits the B-Raf gene that is altered in 60% of patients and is used only in these cases.

That results are obtained with these new drugs?

Both were designed with patients with metastasis with advanced disease. In recent, then trials rather with data collected within 2-3 years, it has been observed an increase in survival of 30%, this means that if patients lived an average of six months with the treatment allusiveness survival without progression of disease until 9-11 months. It is a matter of global media, which is played on large numbers, and this means that some patients could live much longer, even for 20 years without disease progression. Now the intention is to experience the two drugs in combination, with the assumption that their action mechanisms against cancer cells to be compounded.

Drugs are available in Italy?

No, have not yet been approved, although in the United States and Europe the approval procedure has already passed some passages. But it remains the problem of high costs which will have to face when they enter the market. Just to get an idea: four vials of ipilimumab, administered once every three weeks cost 84mila euro.

Skin Cancer Symptoms and Its Treatment

Skin cancer-Definition

Malignant tumors caused by uncontrolled growth of several types of cells of the epidermis, the top layer of the skin. Skin tumors can take origin from keratinocytes (epithelial cells) or by melanocytes (the cells that are responsible for producing melanin, which gives rise to in aggregate). In the first case are called basal cell carcinomas (a departure from the deepest layer of the epidermis) or spinocellulari (for more superficial cells source). A malignant tumor of melanocytes is called melanoma.

Skin cancer-causes

The main risk factor for the development of skin cancers, particularly with regard to carcinomas, is chronic exposure to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet rays. For this reason, the parts of the body most affected are those most exposed to the Sun: the face, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders, and back. For melanomas, a predisposing factor is represented by the presence of moles, especially if many (more than 50), large and irregular edges.

Skin cancer-symptoms

Multiple basal cell carcinomas occur in the form of small nodules of pearly appearance slowly increasing in size and are often hard to the touch. Carcinoma spinocellulare initially appears as a small red and scaly area which gradually enlarges and can take on the appearance of a wart. Both of these forms have a reduced tendency to spread into the body and are generally not dangerous. The melanomas originate from within, which undergo changes visible to the naked eye (swollen, loss of regularity of edges and shape, color change, which may be black, brownish, reddish, bluish or even pearly whites). The Melanoma can grow rapidly and spread in the body through movement.

Skin Cancer-Diagnosis

Skin tumors are diagnosed by a specialist dermatologist following examination, conducted with the help of epiluminescence examinations, namely the observation through a lens polarized light, the deeper layers of the skin. Certain diagnosis and definition of the type of cancer require performing a biopsy.

Skin cancer-Cure

The main treatment of skin cancers is the surgical removal of the affected tissues. In the case of multiple basal cell carcinomas or spinocellulari can be used techniques of microsurgery, laser surgery or with liquid nitrogen. For melanoma, surgery is more extensive and also includes the removal of surrounding lymph nodes. In unresectable cases, chemotherapy is used. Are also in experimentation, with encouraging results, forms of immunotherapy and antitumor vaccination.

Skin cancers-alternative Cures

There are herbal remedies can stimulate the immune system features, as well as homeopathy, acupuncture and aromatherapy have been used for the treatment of side effects. All these approaches are complementary and should be carried out under the supervision of your physician.

Skin cancer-Nutrition

Follow a diet low in fat and rich in antioxidants (vitamins A, C and E, Coenzyme Q10, beta-carotene, green tea and ginger) may reduce the risk of skin cancers.

Three Main Types of Skin Cancer

There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous and malignant melanoma. The first two grow slowly and are easy to care for, but the malignant melanoma is a cancer harmful, to rapid development that spreads very quickly. The official figures of the United Kingdom about 6000 cases of melanoma each year and 62000 cases of other types of skin cancer.

 

The incidence of melanoma is increasing, probably due to the increased exposure to sunlight but also thanks to better diagnosis. The 62000 other types of skin cancer is underestimated because these cancers grow slowly and often in older people are not even diagnosed. Roughly three out of four cases of non-melanoma cancer are carcinoma spinocellulare ones and a quarter.

 

 

 

What are the risk factors for skin cancer? For all types of cancer and prolonged exposure to sunlight or tanning is the main risk. Research on malignant melanoma suggests that this type of exposure in childhood put people in a position to develop melanoma in a more advanced age. There are many other things that increase the risk of skin cancer: have a very clear complexion, scotta easily, have many moles (over 50) on the body, have had in the past a skin cancer, the fact that there have been cases in family and being treated with anti-rejection (e.g. after an organ transplantation).  

The exposure to radiation or prolonged exposure to chemicals such as coal tar, soot, tar, asphalt. the creosote, paraffin wax or arsenic can increase the cancer risk of non-melanoma. The majority of cases of melanoma occurs on the head, neck, arms and back-the part of the skin that is more often exposed to sunlight.In most cases these are very dark black, but sometimes can be more clear, brown or even to dots. The surface is usually elevated and sometimes rough circular shape does not have a regular but some may seem very similar to circles. In the early stages look like moles, spent but with a jagged outline or various shades of colour. Sometimes seem to be in bloody, which open or that are dele scabs. In any case, the most important thing to remember is that melanoma usually change color under development. Any point that change colour or form should be pointed to your doctor.

 

 

The vast majority of cases of basal cell carcinoma occurs on the face. Start as pink dots, pearls or polishes often oval or circular. As they grow they become dishes you rise with rounded edges and can develop scabs. Then begin to bleed from the Centre and develop ulcers, These are called rodent ulcers and if ignored for a long enough period can become rather large and eat away the skin and underlying tissues. The spinocellulari carcinoma is most common in the limbs, head and body. Are pink and are irregular in shape, often with a hard surface scaly or rough though sometimes can become ulcers. The edges are sometimes raised. Can be soft to the touch. The malignant melanoma can be one of the most dangerous types of cancer. Spread throughout the surrounding tissue, but some grow faster and more ' in the sviuppano ' of others. If the tumor is diagnosed late treatment cannot cure cancer. The spinocellulari carcinoma spreads like altte so slowly that are not very dangerous. Even those who are widening more quickly you can effectively cure as long as are diagnosed reasonably soon. The basal cell carcinoma not spreading almost never apart from the slow growth of rodent ulcer itself. Even at advanced stage treatment is almost always successful. There are some rare hereditary cases of skin cancer that make people very sensitive to sunlight and where it is much more likely to develop any of the skin cancers. People receive their hereditary skin type and skin cancer is more common in clear complexions and lentigginose. In addition there is good evidence that if you have close relatives (brother, sister, parent, child) with a skin cancer have an approximately double compared to normal risk of developing this type of cancer.

How to Prevent the Development of Skin Cancer Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An extraordinary step forward in understanding what stops the development of one of the most common skin cancer could help to create new treatments available to patients within the next 5 years. In a study recently published in the journal Cancer Cell, an international team of scientists led by Australian researchers has discovered a gene that helps protect the body from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin.

 

The Australian Cancer Council estimates that two in three Australians will be diagnosed with skin cancer before 70 years to accomplish, with squamous cell carcinoma as the most common type. Until now, the genetic basis of cancer had not been fully understood, and the only treatment option has been surgical removal.

However, experts have found that there is a protective gene that is abnormally absent in people with this carcinoma. While researchers originally congregated on skin cancer, they saw that this gene is also absent in SCC arising in other tissues, such as the head and neck, frequently associated with a poor prognosis. As a result, scientists have shown that the absence of a protective gene in particular cancel signal that prevents skin cells continue to grow.

The fact that we have identified this gene provides a clear direction for the development of strategies for prevention, how to cure cancer, in the near future. Indeed, this study suggests that certain drugs currently used in clinical trials may be effective even on this carcinoma. The same thing happens with the prevention; There are already strategies where it increases the expression of a gene to protect a fabric. In this case, use molecules to increase the expression of this gene can prevent the development of skin cancer, for example in the form of sunscreen.

In conclusion, the benefits of this study may be the hand of patients in less than 5 years.

The Dangerous of Melanoma.Skin Cancer

Cutaneous malignancies are of different shape. Particularly frequent are the basalioma (Epithelioma and carcinoma), followed by spinalioma (Epithelioma spinocellulare). More rare but more known and dangerous is the melanoma.

Cutaneous malignancies have relatively slow development and are largely treatable if diagnosed early and treated promptly.

INCIDENCE

The number of melanoma in the world has doubled in the last 10 years. In Italy occur every year, between 6 and 9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Other malignant skin tumors are much more frequent of melanomas (approximately 50 times more).

Melanoma affects mainly individuals between the ages of 30 and 60 years old, while basal cell carcinomas and non spinocellulare save young people (aged 20 years).

Melanoma affects mainly individuals lentigginosi, from skin, hair and eyes clear. In Alpine countries, melanoma is about 5 or 6 times more common in Mediterranean countries.

SYMPTOMS

In the early stages the basalioma has the appearance of a small round spot, skin colour or rose. Manifests itself in various forms and can affect any part of the body, but instead the head (the eyelids or the nose, for example). In the final stages the tumor has a yellowish color and consists of an ulcer that destroys the surrounding tissue. The basalioma typically affects people over 45.

Like the basaliomi, spinaliomi are also very different in shape. The outgrowths are rough, covered with scabs and harsh. Arise with particular frequency on the face, neck and hands. They are almost always affected individuals over 55 years.

II melanoma is dark brown, and black or bluish. Can affect any part of the body, but instead the trunk in men and the trunk and legs in women. Melanoma can also occur under fingernails of hands and feet as well as mucous membranes, albeit rarely. About one-third of melanomas develops from within.

CAUSES

Skin cancers are Proliferation of various skin cells. II cell carcinoma develops from basal cells, located in the deep layers of squamous cells on the outer. Melanoma originates from pigmented cells, melanocytes.

There are different causes that lead these malignancies. Among these was a part of continued exposure to sunlight. Ultraviolet light (UV), invisible to us, may cause damage in the DNA of skin cells that can repair itself but also transform some cancerous cell and cause a uncontrolled proliferation.

Individual reactions to sunlight (UV) are obviously very different.

In addition to sunlight (UV), there are other factors that can encourage the emergence of epiteliomi: carcinogens, ionizing radiation (e.g. x-rays) and a familial predisposition.

PREVENTION AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS

Skin tumors are clearly visible. An early diagnosis is therefore, in principle, almost always fairly easy. This allows rapid intervention and consequently high probability of healing, especially in the case of melanoma.

Specialists recommend regularly examine your skin to determine any changes as soon as possible and, in particular, for melanoma, periodically check their appearance in: alone (looking in the mirror to identify any transformations), with the help of a family member (non-visible points), consult a dermatologist.

Characteristics of a newly observed can be summarized with the acronym ABCDE:

* How Asymmetry: the shape of a benign mole is generally circular or otherwise adjust the melanoma is irregular;

* B as Edges: in melanoma, irregular and indistinct;

* Color: C as in melanoma is variable (i.e. with different shades within the same mole);

* Dimensions: D as in melanoma, are increasing, both in width and thickness;

* And as Evolution: in melanoma, the characteristics of the mole (symmetry, edges, color, size) change over time.

In the presence of only one of the situations described above, you should consult your doctor.

May be also present general symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, headache and sometimes bone pain.

The most common locations for the occurrence of a melanoma are the head, neck and torso for men, arts for women, but beware: a melanoma can occur anywhere in the body, including the scalp or the crease between my toes, the mucous membranes of the mouth and genitalia, venues that normally escape attention.

Are not easy to distinguish from the three skin malignancies, precancerous skin changes (solar Keratoses). It is itchy lesions covered with scabs and scales caused by irradiation alone